定語從句的本質(zhì)：定語從句相當(dāng)于形容詞，對先行詞進行修飾

先行詞：被修飾的對象

關(guān)系代詞：指代先行詞并起到連接主句和從句的作用

I don’t like people who are lazy.

I don’t like people是主句

who are lazy 是定語從句

一、關(guān)系代詞的用法：

先行詞指人，用who/whom

who/whom的區(qū)別：

who在句子中可作主語、賓語、表語，whom不能作主語，只能作賓語、表語

who之前不能加介詞(who=with/with whom)

A rich person is not one who has the most , but is one who needs the least.

A rich person is not one who has the most , but is one whom needs the least.(×)

表示所屬關(guān)系，用whose

whose 后面要接名詞，whose 的先行詞可以是人也可是物

“whose+名詞”在句中可以作主語，也可以做動詞賓語、介詞賓語(賓語：主語動作的作用對象)

It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.(動詞賓語)

先行詞指物，用that/which

which可以指代單個名詞或代詞，或者句子

Anger is a wind which blows out the lamb of the mind.

It’s human to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not.

Tom was late, which surprised me.

that既可指人也可指物，that前不能加介詞

當(dāng)先行詞前既有人又有物時，用that

The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.

先行詞是不定代詞something/nothing/anything時，關(guān)系代詞一般用that

先行詞被any/only/all/every/no/some/much/few/little/序數(shù)詞/最高級修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that

二、關(guān)系副詞的用法(when/where/why)：

先行詞表示時間(day/year/time/week)，用when

先行詞表示地點，用where

先行詞是reason等表示原因的詞，用why

對于when和where，但從句缺少主語時，需換成which/that

The library which was built in the 1930’s, need to be renovated.

三、限制性和非限制性定語從句：

定語從句有限制性從句和非限制性從句之分，限制性從句出現(xiàn)的比較多

限制性從句：從句不能省，省去后句意不明確。

I don’t like people who are lazy.

非限制性從句：從句可以省，從句只是對先行詞作進一步的解釋、補充、說明(that不能用在非限制性從句中)

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.

四、that引導(dǎo)定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別：

The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue. (定語從句)

The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.(同位語從句)

定語從句：對先行詞進行修飾

同位語從句：對先行詞進行具體的解釋

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