來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-15 14:53:39
定語(yǔ)從句作為初中英語(yǔ)的難點(diǎn),在語(yǔ)篇閱讀中對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查必不可少。因此掌握定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)單用法是非常有必要的。
在做此類試題時(shí),首先確定先行詞是指物還是指人,指人就從that, who, whose, whom中選擇;指物就從that, which中選擇。然后再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分來(lái)確定到底應(yīng)該用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系詞。
1定語(yǔ)從句概述
在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,whom和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。
關(guān)系詞 |
作用 |
先行詞 |
例句 |
that,who, whom(只作 賓語(yǔ)) |
主語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) |
人 |
Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)老人嗎? |
that,which |
主語(yǔ)、賓 語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) |
物 |
She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一臺(tái)電腦,這臺(tái)電腦是她父母買給她的。 |
whose |
定語(yǔ) |
人/物 |
The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.這個(gè)男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常刻苦,他爸爸是位醫(yī)生。 The room whose window is open is mine.開(kāi)著窗戶的那個(gè)房間是我的。 |
when |
狀語(yǔ) |
時(shí)間 |
I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然記得你前往北京的那一天。 |
where |
狀語(yǔ) |
地點(diǎn) |
This is the school where my mother works.這就是我媽媽工作的那所學(xué)校。 |
why |
狀語(yǔ) |
原因 |
Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎? |
2關(guān)系代詞的用法
一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);which指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);who在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ);whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。
A doctor isa person who looks after a patient.
先行詞 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)
句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。
1.下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代詞時(shí)。
Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把發(fā)生的一切都告訴了他的媽媽。
(2)當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only,the very,the last等修飾時(shí)。
This is the only book that I can find.這是我能找到的唯一的一本書(shū)。
(3)當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。
This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的書(shū)。
(4)當(dāng)主句是以特殊疑問(wèn)詞which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。
Which is the hotel that you like best?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅館?
2關(guān)系代詞的省略
一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),不能省略。
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂(lè)部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略。
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)?
3關(guān)系副詞的用法
This isthe factory where my father works.
先行詞 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)
句意:這就是我爸爸工作的那個(gè)工廠。
1.when表示時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞是表示原因的reason一詞。
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。
3.where表示地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。
4定語(yǔ)從句解題技巧
Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.
主句:Running Man is a very relaxing TV program
從句:which is popular among the young people
先行詞:TV program
關(guān)系代詞:which
因此,如果確定是考查定語(yǔ)從句,我們就可以排除不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項(xiàng),如:what。
在此過(guò)程中要掌握“三看”原則。
(1)一看指人還是物
先行詞指人:that,who, whose, whom
先行詞指物:that, which, whose
(2)二看句中作何用
主語(yǔ) who(人), which(物), that(人/物)
賓語(yǔ) who/whom(人), which(物), that(人/物)
定語(yǔ) whose(人/物)
狀語(yǔ) where(地點(diǎn)), when(時(shí)間), why(原因)
如:My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous.先行詞(the stories)指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞which/that。
如:He is the boy ______ I talked with just now.先行詞(the boy)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞whom/who/that/不填。
如:What‘s the name of the girl ______ father is a doctor?先行詞(the girl)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞whose。
如:I still remember the day ________ our new school was built.從句中不缺成分,先行詞(the day)指時(shí)間,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系副詞when。
(3)看是否是特殊情況:
關(guān)系詞只能用
①當(dāng)先行詞是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。如:
Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。
②當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí)。如:
This is the only book that I can find.這就是我能找到的唯一一本書(shū)。
③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如:
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai.為我們足球隊(duì)踢足球的那個(gè)最高的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)自上海。
④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如:
Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember.讓我們談?wù)撐覀兡軌蛴浧鸬娜撕褪隆?/p>
關(guān)系詞只能用
①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后。如:
This is the factory in which we once worked.這就是我們?cè)?jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠。
②非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。如:
This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun.這是魯迅寫(xiě)的一本有名的書(shū)。
③that,those作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
Those which are on the desk are English books.桌子上的那些是英語(yǔ)書(shū)。
用
①當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時(shí),只能用who。如:
Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請(qǐng)來(lái)這邊。
②當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時(shí),只能用who。如:
Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對(duì)我們的人就是我們的敵人。
③先行詞指人,而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般多用who。如:
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.昨天來(lái)這兒的那個(gè)人說(shuō)過(guò)幾天他會(huì)再來(lái)。
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