一、人稱代詞和物主代詞

1

人稱代詞包括主格和賓格。主格常做主語，賓格常做賓語，放在動(dòng)詞、介詞后。

主格包括：I, you, he, she, it，we, they。

賓格包括：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。

如：

(1)I am a teacher. 我是一個(gè)老師。

(2)She is a student. 他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

(3)Give me the book. 給我那本兒書。

It 的用法：

(1)it代替上文提到的事或物。

(2)用于句型中：think /find /feel it + adj./n. (for sb.)to doIt is + adj./n. + that +句子It is + adj./n.(for sb.) to doIt takes sb. st. to do3)

代替人：嬰兒，遠(yuǎn)處的人，照片中的人，敲門的人。

如：

It must be my teacher.

他肯定是我的老師。

Who’s it over there?那邊兒他是誰?

2

物主代詞包括形容詞性的物主代詞和名詞性的物主代詞。前者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，后者相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。

前者包括：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。

后者包括：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。

尤其是名詞性的物主代詞是重點(diǎn)考察內(nèi)容。

如：

(1)This is my book.

這是我的書。

(2)This isn't your pen. Yours is on the desk.

這不是你的鋼筆。你的鋼筆在桌子上。

二

當(dāng)主語和后邊的人指同一個(gè)人時(shí)，用反身代詞。

如：I do homework by myself.

反身代詞包括：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves。

它們經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在詞組中，如：

by oneself, 通過某人自己

say to oneself, 自言自語

think to oneself, 自言自語

think of oneself, 想到某人自己

dress oneself, 給某人自己穿衣服

enjoy oneself, 玩兒的高興

teach oneself, 自學(xué)

learn by oneself, 自學(xué)

make oneself feel at home,使某人自己感覺賓至如歸

help oneself to + n.…, 隨便吃點(diǎn)兒

help oneself, 幫助某人自己

leave sb. by oneself, 把某人自己單獨(dú)留在家里

lose oneself in/into…, 把某人自己沉浸在……

look after oneself, 照料自己

take care of oneself照料自己

三

不定代詞包括：some, any, many, much, little, few, a little, a few, every, each, both, either, neither, all, none, other, another, no, one以及由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，例如：someone, anything等。

不定代詞的用法 ：

1. one, some與any

(1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。

(2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Would you like some bananas?

Could you give me some money?

(3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。 I have read this article in some magazine.

Please correct the mistakes, if any.

2. each和every

each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary.

/ Each (of us) has a dictionary.

/ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no

no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。

There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle?

None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another

(1) other泛指“另外的，別的”

the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. (2) another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either all表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not written in English.

/ Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers.

/ Not both of us are teachers.

/ Either of us is a teacher.

6. little 幾乎沒有 修飾 不可數(shù)名詞

a little 一些 修飾 不可數(shù)名詞

few 幾乎沒有 修飾 可數(shù)名詞

a few 一些 修飾 可數(shù)名詞

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