來源:網(wǎng)絡資源 2023-07-08 19:12:08
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。它的作用相當于形容詞,被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞后。
引導定語從句的關系詞有三種作用:
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1.關系代詞
This is the person who once helped me. 這就是曾經(jīng)幫助過我的那個人。
(2)whom 指人(在口語中可用who代替),在定語從句中作賓語。如:
(3)whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。如:
(4)which 指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。(作賓語時可省略)
(5)that指物或人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,如:
(6) 關系代詞as
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2.關系副詞
(2)where指地點,在賓語從句中作狀語,其先行詞表示地點的名詞(place,room,house等)。如:
(3)why指原因,在定語從句中作狀語,其先行詞是表示原因的名詞(reason)。
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三、巧選關系代詞和關系副詞
2. 定語從句中的謂語動詞如果是及物動詞且缺少賓語時,就要選用恰當?shù)年P系代詞 which/that/who/whom。如:
3.定語從句中的謂語動詞如果是不及物動詞,用關系的副詞when,where,why。
四、巧記that與who(whom)的異同
2. 不同點:
五、巧記that 和which的用法異同
2. 不同點:
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(2)下列情況用which而不用that:
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專項練習
1.Amagneticfieldmayberepresentedin______manner______anelectricfield.A. such …asB.thesame…asC.such…that D.thesame…which
2.We’veallheardofThomasEdison,______inventedtheelectriclightandmanyotherthings.A.themanwhoB.thatC.whichD.amanwho3.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschool____hehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich
4.Youhaveseenthegirl____sisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich
5.Weshoulddoall____isusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which
6.Wecametoaplace____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich
7.Those____finisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have
8.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto
9.Iwenttotheschool____myfatheronceworked.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.onwhich
10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who
1.B such ...as結(jié)構(gòu), 或 the same ....as結(jié)構(gòu),such as 強調(diào)事物,the same as強調(diào)相似性。
2.A非限定性定語從句先行語,Thomas Edison, 放入從句為Thomas Edison invented the electric light and many other things, 先行詞在從句中作主語,先行詞指人,只能用who。限定性定語從句,先行詞為the man或a man, 放入從句時在從句中也作主語,先行詞指人在從句中作主語,引導詞可以用who/that. the man特指,強調(diào)只有他一個人,a man泛指,側(cè)重于表示他只是其中之一。
3.B先行詞為the classmates and the school,從句為he had visited, 二者構(gòu)成的完整句為He had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞在限定性定語從句中作visited的賓語使用,先行詞既指人又指物。因此,答案為B
4.C此句先行詞為the girl,定語從句為sister is a Chinese teacher,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher. 先行詞的's所有格構(gòu)成的所屬關系結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作定語。
5.B此句中先行詞all為不定代詞,從句為isusefultopeople,從句缺主語,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Allisusefultopeople.為了便于理解,All=Allthethings/everything.所以從句的完整句還可以寫成Everythingisusefultopeople;或Allthethingsareusefultopeople.
6.D考查定語從句隨意性關系引導詞。此句先行詞為a place, 從句為they had never paid a visit before, 二者構(gòu)成的完整句為They had never paid a visit to the place before.
7.A此句中,those為定語從句的先行詞,相當于those students/clerks, finished diong it為定語從句成分,從句缺主語以及謂語動詞的完成時態(tài)助動詞。主語指人,用一般引導詞who, 引導詞數(shù)量與先行詞一致為復數(shù)。
8.A此句中先行詞在從句中作介詞賓語,先行詞相同意思用引導詞充當,先行詞指人。
9.C此句先行詞the school, 定語從句my father once worked,二者構(gòu)成的完整句o為My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定關系引導詞中的地點關系引導詞where表示, 也可以用隨意性關系引導詞in which表示。
10.B前一定語從句的完整句為I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行詞在從句中作非主賓表成分,先行詞與時間相關。后一定語從句的完整句轉(zhuǎn)為The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。
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