than和but也可用作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句

1、than用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。

例如： 
You spent more money than was intended to be spent. 
你花的錢超過了預(yù)定的數(shù)額。(than是關(guān)系代詞，在句中作主語,其先行詞是money)

2、 but作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，一般同具有否定意義的主句連用，其先行詞可以是人，也可以是物，但只用于限制性定語從句中。

例如: 
 There was not a single student in my class but learnt a lot from him.(but=who did not)我班上每一個學(xué)生都從他那里學(xué)到了很多東西。 
 因此，在這種句子中，but在意義上等于“that...not”，“who...not”，“which...not”。

修飾物體時關(guān)系代詞that和 which的區(qū)分

使用that的情況：

1.當(dāng)先行詞是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代詞時。

e.g. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?

2.當(dāng)先行詞被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修飾時。

e.g. I have some books that are very good.

3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞所修飾時。

e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.

The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.

4.主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時

e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?

Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.

5.當(dāng)先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語時,無論先行詞是人還是物.

China is no longer the country that she was.

6.如有兩個定語從句,其中一個已用which引導(dǎo),另一個宜用that .

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

7.在there be句型中,只用that.

He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.

8.當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the last, the next, the only 等詞修飾時。

e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.

9.當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時。

e.g. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

只能使用which的情況。

1、非限制性定語從句中。

e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.

2、在介詞之后。

e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.

3、當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時。

e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

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