中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)---復(fù)數(shù)名詞的誤用

英語(yǔ)名詞分可數(shù)的和不可數(shù)兩種。可數(shù)名詞指一般動(dòng)物和事物，如“Man/ friend/ driver/ student/ dog/ cat/ boat/ egg/ gun/ hand/ head/ lamp/ road/ table/ car ”等等。

可數(shù)名詞有兩個(gè)數(shù)，即單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)名詞可以和不定冠詞“ a/ an”或其他名詞限定詞(determiners)連用;復(fù)數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)目詞，如“many/ a few/ some/ a lot of”等連用。

不可數(shù)名詞指物質(zhì)名詞(material nouns)和抽象名詞( abstract nouns)，如：“air/ butter/ grass/ money/ sand/ water/ carefulness/ joy/ peace”等等。不可數(shù)名詞可以和數(shù)量詞，如“much/ a little/ little/ a great amount of”等連用。不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)“-s”的形式。

有些人對(duì)名詞數(shù)的概念不很清楚，對(duì)數(shù)目詞(expressions of number)和數(shù)量詞(expressions of quantity)也有些混亂，結(jié)果把數(shù)目詞用在不可數(shù)名詞之前或隨意在不可數(shù)名詞后面加上復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 “-s”，這些都是語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤。例如：

① Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.

雖然有些人把 equipment(配備)當(dāng)成可數(shù)名詞，但是它是不可數(shù)的，不可有“-s”。

② My teacher gave me some sound advices. 應(yīng)該是“advice”。

③ Do you have any special informations for me? “Information”才對(duì)。

④ Most furnitures in my house are made of wood. 應(yīng)該是“furniture……is……”

⑤ Today, I have many new works to do. 必須是“a lot of new work”才是。

⑥ Don't walk on the grasses. 應(yīng)該用“grass”。

⑦ Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies. “Progress”(進(jìn)步)不可數(shù);不可有“-es”。

⑧ All his money are kept in the bank. “Money”(金錢)屬不可數(shù)名詞;動(dòng)詞要單數(shù)的“is”。

上述這類有關(guān)不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)誤，極為普遍;只要看看學(xué)生的作文，便知道了。既然如此，要怎樣避免這種錯(cuò)誤呢?

首先，必須牢記不可數(shù)名詞絕對(duì)沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。其次，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備些數(shù)量詞，如“much/ little/ some/ a little/ a lot of/ plenty of”等，以便在必要時(shí)和不可數(shù)名詞連用。最后，謹(jǐn)記：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)的數(shù)目一致。既然不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是簡(jiǎn)單現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(simple present tense)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)( present continuous tense)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(present perfect tense)的話，就必須以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。例如：

⑨ Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.

⑩ His luggage is somewhere at the railway station.

1. Some money is being used to help the poor.

2. The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.

3. A lot of time has been spent on this project.

4. Hypocrisy gives rise to mistrust.

5. Familiarity breeds contempt.

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