中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句易混點(diǎn)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的混用。

例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.

例 2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.

析：例1中的when應(yīng)改為which或that;例2中的which應(yīng)改為when.區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵是看它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞�。如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系代詞，如例1;若定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系副詞，如例2.

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：固定句式出差錯(cuò)。

例3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.

例4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.

析：例3中的as應(yīng)改為that;例4中的that應(yīng)改為as.so…as或so…that為固定句式，前者為as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，as在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，如例4;后者為that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句的成分是完整的，不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如例3.類似的固定句式還有the same… as (that)，such…as，as…as等。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三：主謂不一致。

例5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

例6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

析：例5中的likes應(yīng)改為like;例6中的like應(yīng)改為likes.在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如例5;在“the (only) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是one，而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，如例6.

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四：與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型及其他句型的混合。

例7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?

例8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.

析：例7中第一個(gè)that應(yīng)改為where;例8中應(yīng)去掉at.例7為帶有定語(yǔ)從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，you bought the recorder為定語(yǔ)從句，其引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用where，后面第二個(gè)that才是強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that，此句可還原為：You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例8為where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)五：對(duì)先行詞概念不明確。

例9. It this library that you visited yesterday?

例10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?

析：例9中應(yīng)在library后加the one;例10中的where應(yīng)去掉或改為that或which.在例9中，this library是主語(yǔ)，is是謂語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，但沒(méi)有先行詞，故應(yīng)補(bǔ)加先行詞;在例10中，the library是先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，當(dāng)然也可以省略。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)六：特殊名詞作先行詞時(shí)關(guān)系詞的選取錯(cuò)誤。

例11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

例12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

析：例11中應(yīng)在which前加in或?qū)�which改為that或去掉;例12中的that應(yīng)改為where或in which .在定語(yǔ)從句中，有些特殊名詞作先行詞時(shí)其關(guān)系詞的選取有一定的特殊性，如way作先行詞時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)詞可用that或in which或省略，如例11;與way相似的還有job，situation，point，case等作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用where或inwhich，如例12.

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)七：忽略as和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

例13. He failed in the exam again， which was expected.

例14. He failed in the exam again， as was not what he had expected.

析：例13中的which應(yīng)改為as;例14中的as應(yīng)改為which.as和which雖然都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但仍有以下三點(diǎn)區(qū)別：(1)as有“正如;就像”之意，而which沒(méi)有;(2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中或句末，而which只能置于句末;(3)如果非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)八：忽略that和which引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

例15.This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.

例16. Here are the samples that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday.

析：例15中的which應(yīng)改為that;例16中的that應(yīng)改為which.當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾或先行詞本身是不定代詞時(shí)，只能用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如例15;當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后面有插入成分時(shí)，只能用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如例16.

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)九：介詞前置出差錯(cuò)。

例17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

例18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.

析：例17中的with應(yīng)改為about或of;例18中應(yīng)把to移到attention的后面。在定語(yǔ)從句中前置的介詞必須和后面的動(dòng)詞或形容詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，如例17;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介詞都可前置，如例18.

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)十：which和whose的意義不明確。

例19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

例20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

析：例19中的which應(yīng)改為whose;例20中的whose應(yīng)改為which.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞which不能在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，但whose可作定語(yǔ)，“whose+n”相當(dāng)于“the+n+ofwhich”或“of which+the+n”。

　　 歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問(wèn)中考網(wǎng)，2025中考一路陪伴同行！>>點(diǎn)擊查看